What is a Calcaneus Fracture?
The calcaneus, or heel bone, is the largest bone in the foot. A calcaneus fracture occurs when this bone is cracked or broken, typically due to high-impact trauma. This type of fracture can range from a hairline crack to a complete shattering of the bone, often affecting the subtalar joint, which is responsible for side-to-side movement of the foot.
Causes of Calcaneus Fracture
Calcaneus fractures are usually the result of:
- High-energy trauma such as falling from a height and landing on your feet, or a car accident.
- Sports injuries, particularly from activities involving jumping or sudden impact.
- Osteoporosis, which weakens bones and makes them more susceptible to fractures.
- Repeated stress over time, known as a stress fracture, particularly in athletes or military personnel.
Calcaneus Fracture Symptoms
Symptoms can vary depending on the severity but often include:
- Sudden, intense pain in the heel after injury
- Swelling around the heel and ankle
- Bruising or discoloration of the foot
- Inability to bear weight on the affected foot
- Deformity or widening of the heel
Calcaneus Fracture Treatment
Treatment depends on the type and severity of the fracture:
Non-Surgical Treatment:
- Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation (RICE)
- Immobilization with a cast, boot, or splint
- No weight bearing on the affected foot for several weeks
- Physical therapy to regain strength and range of motion
Surgical Treatment:
- Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) to realign the bone and insert plates or screws
- Used for displaced fractures or fractures that involve the joint surface
Your orthopedic surgeon will determine the best course of action based on imaging tests and your overall health.
Life After Calcaneus Fracture
Recovery from a calcaneus fracture can be lengthy and requires patience:
- Initial healing may take 6 to 12 weeks, depending on the severity
- Physical therapy is crucial to restore strength, flexibility, and balance
- Some patients may experience long-term stiffness, pain, or arthritis
- Proper footwear and ongoing care can help support the foot and prevent reinjury
Most people can return to normal activity, but high-impact sports may require a longer recovery time or modifications.
FAQs
No, walking on a fractured calcaneus can worsen the injury and delay healing. Most patients will need to avoid putting weight on the foot for several weeks.
Typically, 6 to 12 weeks for the bone to heal. Full recovery, including rehabilitation, can take several months.
It can be quite serious, especially if the fracture is displaced or involves the joint. It may lead to long-term complications like arthritis or chronic pain if not treated properly.
Treatment ranges from immobilization and rest to surgical repair, depending on the severity and alignment of the fracture.
Minor, non-displaced fractures may heal with rest and immobilization. However, more serious fractures often require surgery to ensure proper alignment and function.
Driving is not recommended until you are cleared by your doctor, especially if the injured foot is your driving foot or you are still in a cast or boot.
