About Ganglion Cysts
A ganglion cyst is a fluid-filled lump that typically forms near joints or tendons, most commonly on the back of the wrist or hand. Sometimes referred to as a hand cyst or wrist cyst, it’s generally non cancerous but can cause pain, interfere with movement, or grow large enough to become noticeable and uncomfortable.
While some cysts resolve on their own, others may persist or press on nearby nerves, leading to symptoms like tingling, weakness, or aching. In such cases, treatment or surgical removal may be recommended.
The Ganglion Cyst Removal Procedure
If non-surgical options like observation or aspiration (draining the cyst) aren’t effective, your doctor may recommend surgical ganglion cyst removal. This outpatient procedure is typically done under local or general anesthesia.
During surgery, the cyst and its root—often attached to a joint capsule or tendon sheath—are carefully removed to reduce the risk of recurrence. The incision is usually small, and the entire process typically takes less than an hour. Removal may be done with an open technique or arthroscopically, depending on the cyst’s location and complexity.
Preparation
This procedure is performed in the operating room under sterile conditions. Anesthesia is administered, a tourniquet is applied, and the hand is cleansed and sanitized. The patient is positioned with the back of the hand clearly visible to the surgeon.
Accessing the Wrist
A small incision is made on the wrist, just above the location of the cyst. The surgeon isolates the cyst from the surrounding tissues in the wrist and locates the base of the cyst stalk, where the cyst is attached to the joint capsule, ligament, or tendon sheath.
Removing the Cyst
The base of the ganglion stalk is cut at its origin. The cyst is removed and the defect in the joint capsule, ligament, or tendon sheath may be repaired with sutures.
End of Procedure and Aftercare
Following the procedure, you may experience mild soreness, swelling, or stiffness in the hand or wrist. Your hand will likely be bandaged, and you may be advised to wear a splint temporarily to limit movement and promote healing.
Most patients return to light activities within a few days, though full recovery may take several weeks, depending on the location of the cyst and the extent of the surgery. Physical therapy may be recommended to restore strength and mobility, especially if the cyst was located near a joint you use frequently.
Related Resources:
Ganglion Cysts of Hand Treated at OrthoConnecticut
FAQs
Not always. Many cysts resolve on their own or can be treated with aspiration. Surgery is typically recommended if the cyst is painful, recurrent, or interfering with hand function.
Surgical removal reduces the risk of recurrence and can relieve pain, restore mobility, and eliminate visible lumps. It offers a more permanent solution compared to drainage.
As with any surgery, there are potential risks, including infection, scarring, nerve irritation, or recurrence. However, complications are uncommon when performed by a skilled specialist.
Initial recovery typically takes 1 to 2 weeks, with full return to activity in 4 to 6 weeks. Recovery may be quicker for cysts removed arthroscopically.
Some cysts may shrink or disappear on their own. Others may continue to grow or cause joint stiffness, discomfort, or nerve compression. Leaving a painful or problematic cyst untreated can prolong symptoms.
